CADEA - Solving marine propulsion shafting vibration or design problems

Full-length papers

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Papers prepared by CADEA

Shafting Vibration Primer (PDF, 389 kB)

Significance of Shafting Length: A Suezmax Tanker Design Problem (PDF, 318 kB)

Utility of High-Strength Steels for Main Propulsion Shafting Design (PDF, 131 kB)

Shaftline Design Considerations of Five-Cylinder Low-Speed Propulsion Plants (PDF, 255 kB)

Screening of Slow Speed Marine Diesel Propulsion Shafting Design Space (PDF, 3.2 MB)

External links to papers from other sources
Disclaimer: CADEA provides these links as a convenience only. CADEA's provision of this links does not imply CADEA's endorsement, sponsorship or recommendation of these third parties or their information.

Verification of Crankshaft Design and Fatigue Strength for in-line and v-type Marine Diesel Engines (PDF, 242 kB)

Software

Castor Worksheet v2.0 is a Microsoft® Excel application that assesses the key torsional vibration features of slow speed, two-stroke marine propulsion shafting. Its primary purpose is to guide the machinery designer during the propulsion shafting preliminary design phase.

Castor Worksheet v2.0 Evaluation (self-extracting archive, 3.60 MB)

Rules & Regulations

"Astern power for main propulsion," M25, Rev. 3, International Association of Classification Societies, 2003

"Definition of diesel engine type," M32, International Association of Classification Societies, 1979

"Scantlings of intermediate shafts," M33, Rev. 1, International Association of Classification Societies, 1981 (replaced by M68)

"Scantlings of coupling flanges," M34, International Association of Classification Societies, 1980

"Scantlings of propeller shafts," M37, International Association of Classification Societies, 1981 (replaced by M68)

"k-factors for different shaft design features (intermediate shafts)," M38, International Association of Classification Societies, 1981 (replaced by M68)

"k-factors for different shaft design features (propeller shafts)," M39, International Association of Classification Societies, 1981 (replaced by M68)

"Permissible limits of stresses due to torsional vibrations for intermediate, thrust and propeller shafts," M48, International Association of Classification Societies, 1983 (replaced by M68)

"Length of aft stern bush bearing," M52, International Association of Classification Societies, 1986

"Calculation of crankshafts for I.C. engines," M53, International Association of Classification Societies, 2004

"Marine gears - Load capacity of involute parallel axis spur and helical gears," M56, International Association of Classification Societies, 1996

"Dimensions of propulsion shafts and their permissible torsional vibration stresses," M68, International Association of Classification Societies, 2005

Books

M.L. ADAMS, "Rotating Machinery Vibration: From Analysis to Troubleshooting," Marcel Dekker, New York 2001

D.E. BENTLY, C.T. HATCH, "Fundamentals of Rotating Machinery Diagnostics," Bently Pressurized Bearing Press, Minden 2002

J.P. DEN HARTOG, "Mechanical Vibrations," Fourth Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York 1956

F.M. DIMENTBERG, "Flexural Vibrations of Rotating Shafts," Butterworths, London 1961

R.L. ESHLEMAN, F.M. LEWIS, "Torsional Vibration in Reciprocating and Rotating Machines," in: C.M. Harris (Ed.), "Shock and Vibration Handbook", McGraw-Hill, New York 1987

M.I. FRISWELL, J.E.T. PENNY, S.D. GARVEY, A.W. LEES, "Dynamics of Rotating Machines," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010

K.E. HAFNER, H. MAASS, "Theorie der Triebwerksschwingungen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine," Springer Verlag, Wien 1984

K.E. HAFNER, H. MAASS, "Torsionsschwingungen in der Verbrennungskraftmaschine," Springer Verlag, Wien 1985

W. KER WILSON, "Practical Solution of Torsional Vibration Problems," Volumes I-V, Chapman & Hall, 1963-1969

R.G. LOEWY, V.J. PIARULLI, "Dynamics of Rotating Shafts," SVM-4, United States Department of Defense, Washington 1969

C.L. LONG, "Propellers, Shafting, and Shafting System Vibration Analysis," in: R.L. Harrington (Ed.), Marine Engineering, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Jersey City 1992

E.J. NESTORIDES, "A Handbook on Torsional Vibration," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1958

S.P. TIMOSHENKO, D.H. YOUNG, "Vibration Problems in Engineering," Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1968

J.M. VANCE, "Rotordynamics of Turbomachinery," John Wiley & Sons, New York 1988

D.N. WALKER, "Torsional Vibration of Turbomachinery," McGraw-Hill, New York 2004

Papers & Reports

***, "Calculation of Shafts in Marine Applications," Classification Notes No. 41.4, Det Norske Veritas, Hovik 2007

***, "An Introduction to Vibration Aspects of Two-Stroke Diesel Engines in Ships," P.8809-190, MAN B&W, Copenhagen

***, "Vibration Characteristics of Two-Stroke Low Speed Diesel Engines," 2. edition, revised from P.8703-165, MAN B&W, Copenhagen 1988

***, "Shaft Alignment for Direct Coupled Low-speed Diesel Propulsion Plants," P.312-95.09, MAN B&W, Copenhagen 1995

G. ANDERSSON, et. al., "Axial Vibrations and Measurements of Stresses in Crank Shaft," International Shipbuilding Progress 10(1963)107, 235-253.

M. AKAZAWA, M. HONDA, "Torsional Vibration in Geared Diesel System," Japan Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering 3(1968)6, 20-33.

J. ARAI, "On Crankshaft Fillet Stresses of Marine Diesel Engine," Selected Papers from the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 6(1970), 159-177.

O. BERNASCONI, "Solution for Torsional Vibrations of Stepped Shafts Using Singularity Functions," International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 28(1986)1, 31-39.

R.T. BRADSHAW, "The Optimum Alignment of Marine Shafting," Marine Technology 11(1974)3, 260-269.

R.T. BRADSHAW, "Bearing Wear and Its Effect on Shaft Alignment," Marine Technology 41(2004)3, 102-107.

M. BUTKOVIC, "Matrix Methods of Vibration Calculations (I)," Brodogradnja 23(1972)6, 286-291. (in Croatian)

M. BUTKOVIC, "Matrix Methods of Vibration Calculations (II)," Brodogradnja 24(1973)1, 15-22. (in Croatian)

A. COSTA, "Torsional Oscillations in Constant-Velocity Drives Incorporating Two Cardan Joints: The Present State of Knowledge and the Design of an Experimental Research," Meccanica 17(1982), 179-200.

A. COSTA, P. DAVOLI, "An Experimental Investigation on Torsional Oscillations in Constant Velocity Two-Cardan-Joint Drives," Meccanica 18(1983), 34-53.

A.A.J. COUCHMAN, "Axial Shaft Vibration in Large Turbine-powered Merchant Ships," Transactions of the Institute of Marine Engineers 77(1965)3, 53-83.

G. DAHLER, J. ROALDSOY, E. SANDBERG, "Det Norske Veritas' Methodology for Propulsion Shaft Design - A Cost-Saving and Reliable Supplement to the IACS Simplified Code," Proceedings of the SNAME Symposium on Propellers/Shafting, Williamsburg, September 12-13, 2006

H. DRAGANTCHEV, "Control and Diagnostics of Ship Shafting," Proceedings of the IMAM 2000, Ischia, April 2-6, 2000, Session L, 115-122.

P. DRAMINSKY, "Secondary Resonance in Crankshaft Vibrations," International Shipbuilding Progress 11(1964)124, 554-559.

R.L. ESHLEMAN, "Torsional Response of Internal Combustion Engines," Journal of Engineering for Industry 97(1974)2, 441-449.

T. FEESE, C. HILL, "Guidelines for Preventing Torsional Vibration Problems in Reciprocating Machinery," Gas Machinery Conference, Nashville, October 7, 2002

D. GUGIC, "Bearing Reaction Method of the Propulsion Shafting Alignment," Brodogradnja 21(1970)3, 149-154. (in Croatian)

P. HAKKINEN, "Are Torsional Vibration Problems All in the Past?" The Motor Ship 9th International Marine Propulsion Conference, London, March 12-13, 1987, 43-52.

T. HARA, T. FURUKAWA, K. SHODA, "Vibration Analysis of Main Engine Shaft System by Building Block Approach," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 23(1995)2, 77-81.

T. HARA, W. YAMASHITA, "An Investigation on the Process of Bending Fatigue Failure of Propeller Shaft," Selected papers from the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 6(1970), 247-261.

A. HIZUME, "Transient Torsional Vibration of Steam Turbine and Generator Shafts due to High Speed Reclosing of Electric Power Lines," Journal of Engineering for Industry 98B(176)3, 968-979.

Y. HORI, et. al., "Lateral Vibrations of Propeller Shaft Systems," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 6(1978)4, 338-344.

J. HOSHINO, H. KUME, "Measurement of Propeller Shaft Stress In Service Condition," Japan Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering 3(1968)3, 23-32.

M. HUNDAL, "An Extension of the Holzer Method for Redundant Drive Trains," Journal of Engineering for Industry 97(1974)2, 697-698.

J. JENZER, "Some Vibration Aspects of Modern Ship Installations," Publication 23.14.07.40, Wartsila NSD Switzerland Ltd, Winterthur 1997

I.N. JORDANOV, B.I. CHESHAKOV, "Optimal Design of Linear and Non-Linear Dynamic Vibration Absorbers," Journal of Sound and Vibration 123(1988)1, 157-170.

S.B. JAKOBSEN, "Coupled Axial and Torsional Vibration Calculations on a Long-stroke Diesel Engine," SNAME Transactions 99(1991), 405-419.

M. LARMI, "Torsional Vibration Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine Shafting System," Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, Mechanical Engineering Series No. 119, 1996

M. LARMI, "Torsional Vibration Measurement and Analysis of a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine," Report 69, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, 1997

W.E. LEHR, E.L. PARKER, "Considerations in the Design of Marine Propulsion Shaft Systems," Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 69(1961), 555-601.

Z. LUO, X. SUN, J.N. FAWCETT, "Coupled Torsional-Lateral-Axial Vibration Analysis of a Geared Shaft System Using Substructure Synthesis," Mechanism Machine Theory 31(1996)3, 345-352.

G. MAGAZINOVIC, "Regression-Based Assessment of Shafting Torsional Vibration Key Responses," Marine Technology 47(2010)1, 65-73.

G. MAGAZINOVIC, "Screening of Slow Speed Marine Diesel Propulsion Shafting Design Space," Strojarstvo 51(2009)6, 575-586.

G. MAGAZINOVIC, "Significance of Shafting Length: A Suezmax Tanker Design Problem," Proceedings of the IMAM 2002, Rethymno, May 13-17, 2002, Paper No. 40

G. MAGAZINOVIC, "Utility of High-Strength Steels for Main Propulsion Shafting Design," Proceedings of the IMAM 2000, Ischia, April 2-6, 2000, Session B, 1-8.

G. MAGAZINOVIC, "Shaftline Design Considerations of Five-Cylinder Low-Speed Propulsion Plants," Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Theory and Practice of Shipbuilding, Zadar, October 1-3, 1998, 141-151.

G. MAGAZINOVIC, "Optimization as a Marine Propulsion Shafting System Design Tool," Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED '95, Prague, August 22-24, 1995, 199-200.

F. MARTINEK, "Torsional Vibration Damping in a Marine Propulsion System Driven by a Two-Cycle Diesel Engine," Proceedings of the ASME ICES Conference, Salzburg, May 11-14, 2003, Paper ICES2003-605

M. MATSUDA, "Studies on Nonlinear Torsional Vibration of Marine Steam Turbine Propulsion Shafting," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 26(1998)1, 32-45.

I.K. MOTT, "Design Aspects of Marine Propulsion Shafting Systems," Transactions of the Institute of Marine Engineers 79(1967)6, 177-220.

Z. MOURELATOS, P. PAPALAMBROS, "A Mathematical Model for Optimal Strength and Alignment of a Marine Shafting System," Journal of Ship Research 29(1985)3, 212-222.

L. MURAWSKI, "Influence of Journal Bearing Modeling Method on Shaft Line Alignment and Whirling Vibrations," Proceedings of the PRADS 2001, 8th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures, Elsevier, 1205-1212.

L. MURAWSKI, "Axial Vibrations of a Marine Shaft Line: Calculations and Measurements Comparison," Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Marine Technology, Wessex Institute of Technology 2001, WIT Press, 299-308.

L. MURAWSKI, "Axial Vibrations of a Propulsion System Taking into Account the Coupling and the Boundary Conditions," Journal of Marine Science and Technology (2004)9, 171-182.

L. MURAWSKI, "Shaft Line Whirling Vibrations: Effects of Numerical Assumptions on Analysis Results," Marine Technology 42(2005)2, 53-60.

E. NIKOLAIDIS, A.N. PERAKIS, M.G. PARSONS, "Probabilistic Torsional Vibration Analysis of a Marine Diesel Engine Shafting System: The Level Crossing Problem," Journal of Applied Mechanics 56(1989), 953-959.

E. NIKOLAIDIS, A.N. PERAKIS, M.G. PARSONS, "Structural Reliability of Marine Diesel Engine Propulsion Shafting Systems," Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 93(1985), 189-223.

T. ONO, S. ASANABE, R. WASHIMI, "Calculation Method of Shaft Alignment in Relation to Oil Film Formation on Sterntube Bearings," Japan Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering 9(1975)3, 47-56.

T. PARIKYAN, "Unified Approach to Generate Crankshaft Dynamic Models for 3D and Torsional Vibration Analyses," ASME Paper No. ICES2003-591, Proceedings of 2003 Spring Technical Conference of ASME ICE Division, 6 p.

T. PARIKYAN, T. RESCH, H.H. PRIEBSCH, "Structured Model of Crankshaft in the Simulation of Engine Dynamics with AVL/EXCITE," Proceedings of 2001 Fall Technical Conference of ASME ICE Division, Vol. 3, 105-114.

M.G. PARSONS, "Mode Coupling in Torsional and Longitudinal Shafting Vibrations," Marine Technology 20(1983)3, 257-271.

M.S. PASRICHA, W.D. CARNEGIE, "Torsional Vibrations in Reciprocating Engines," Journal of Ship Research 20(1976)1, 32-39.

J.-P. PRESSICAUD, "Technical Assistance for Line-Shafting Alignment," Bulletin Technique du Bureau Veritas, December 1986, 423-438.

R.H. SALZMAN, "Estimating Critical Speeds of Stepped Shafts with Flexible Bearings," Marine Technology 8(1971)3, 327-333.

S. SANKAR, "On the Torsional Vibration of Branched Systems Using Extended Transfer Matrix Method," Journal of Mechanical Design 101(1979)4, 546-553.

S. SASAKI, M. KAMATA, "Torsional Vibration Characteristics of Marine Diesel Propulsion System Installed with Highly-Elastic Rubber Coupling - 2st Report - Theoretical Analysis," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 23(1995)1, 36-45.

W. SCHIFFER, "Advanced Methods for Static and Dynamic Shafting Calculations," Brodogradnja 58(2007)2, 158-164.

P. SCHWIBINGER, R. NORDMANN, "Improvement of a Reduced Torsional Model by Means of Parameter Identification," Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress, and Reliability in Design 111(1989), 17-26.

P. SCHWIBINGER, R. NORDMANN, "The Influence of Torsional-Lateral Coupling on the Stability Behavior of Geared Rotor Systems," Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110(1988), 563-571.

G.P. SMEDLEY, B.K. BATTEN, "Fatigue Strength of Marine Shafting," Publication No. 18, Lloyd's Register, London 1962

Z. TIBA, "Bending and Torsional Vibrations of Long cardan Drives," Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 2(2006)1, 1-34.

G. TODOROVIC, T. PARIKYAN, "Automated Generation of Crankshaft Dynamic Model to Reduce Engine Development Time," SAE Paper No. 2003-01-0926

B.H. THOMAS, H.W. HARPER, "The Significance of Balancing Rotating and Reciprocating Machines," Transactions of the Institute of Marine Engineers 100(1988), 31-46.

L. VASSILOPOULOS, R. BRADSHAW, "Coupled Transverse Shaft Vibrations of Modern Ships," International Shipbuilding Progress 21(1974)239, 193-219.

N.J. VISSER, "The Axial Stiffness of Marine Diesel Engine Crankshafts: Comparison Between the Results of Full Scale Measurements and Those of Calculations According to Published Formulae," International Shipbuilding Progress 15(1968)168, 302-316.

N. VULIC, "Advanced Shafting Alignment: Behaviour of Shafting in Operation," Brodogradnja 52(2004)3, 203-212.

N. VULIC, A. SESTAN, V. CVITANIC, "Verification of Crankshaft Design and Fatigue Strength for in-line and v-type Marine Diesel Engines," Strojarstvo 49(2007)4, 317-331.

N. VULIC, V. VRLIKA, "Shaftline Calculation Based on Fatigue Strength", Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Theory and Practice of Shipbuilding, Zagreb, May 23-24, 1996, 387-397. (in Croatian)

K. WAKABAYASHI, et. al., "Analysis of Vibrations of Reciprocating Engine Shaftings by the Transfer Matrix Method: Analysis of Forced Vibration of a Crankshaft," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 8(1980)1, 27-39.

K. WAKABAYASHI, et. al., "Analysis of Vibrations of Reciprocating Engine Shaftings by the Transfer Matrix Method: Calculation and Comparisons with Measured Data of Torsional Vibration," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 8(1980)1, 40-50.

R. WASHIMI, S. IIDA, "Theoretical Approach of Load-distribution in Stern Tube Bearing," Selected Papers from the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 6(1970), 263-276.

R. WERELDSMA, "Propeller Excited Shaft and Hull Vibrations of Single Screw Ships," International Shipbuilding Progress 11(1964)124, 547-553.

J.-S. WU, I.-H. YANG, "Computer Method for Torsion-and-Flexure-Coupled Forced Vibration of Shafting System with Damping," Journal of Sound and Vibration 180(1995)3, 417-435.

J.-S. WU, W.-H. CHEN, "Computer Method for Forced Torsional Vibration of Propulsive Shafting System of Marine Engine With or Without Damping," Journal of Ship Research 26(1982)3, 176-189.

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T. YONEZAWA, G. YASUMA, "Analysis of Torsional Vibration Length and Fillet Stress (Analysis of Equivalent Length and Fillet Stress in Accordance with FEM Method)," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 12(1984)2, 61-69.

S. YUZHONG, H. IWAKIRI, "Estimation of Torque Used for Determining Pull-Up Length of Keyless Propellers," Bulletin of the Marine Engineering Society in Japan 27(1999)2, 74-80.